520회
페이지 정보
작성자 : 관리자 날짜 : 작성일17-06-08 23:20 조회 : 3,446회본문
제 519 회 생명과학연구소 정기 세미나 2017. 6. 8 (목) 오후 5시, 60주년 기념관 310호 |
Molecular mechanisms of DNA repair
명 경재 교수 (울산과학기술원)
Impairing the division of cancer cells with genotoxic small molecules has been a primary goal to develop chemotherapeutic agents. However, DNA mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient cancer cells, are resistant to most conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Here we have identified baicalein as a small molecule that selectively kills MutS-deficient cancer cells. Baicalein binds preferentially to mismatched DNA and induces a DNA damage response in a mismatch repair-dependent manner. In MutS-proficient cells, baicalein binds to MutS to dissociate CHK2 from MutS leading to S phase arrest and cell survival. In contrast, continued replication in the presence of baicalein in MutS-deficient cells results in a high number of DNA double-strand breaks and ultimately leads to apoptosis. Consistently, baicalein specifically shrinks MutS-deficient xenograft tumors and inhibits the growth of AOM-DSS-induced colon tumors in colon-specific MSH2 knockout mice. Collectively, baicalein offers the potential of an improved treatment option for patients with tumors with a DNA MMR deficiency.
Many DNA repair proteins have additional functions besides their roles in DNA repair. In addition to catalyzing PCNA polyubiquitylation in response to the stalling of DNA replication, SHPRH has an additional function to facilitate rRNA transcription by localizing to the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) promoter in the nucleoli. SHPRH was recruited to the rDNA promoter using its plant homeodomain (PHD) that interacts with histone H3 when the fourth lysine of H3 is not tri-methylated. SHPRH enrichment at the rDNA promoter was inhibited by cell starvation, by the treatment with actinomycin D or rapamycin, or by depletion of CHD4. SHPRH also physically interacted with the RNA polymerase I complex. Taken together, we provide the first evidence that SHPRH functions in rRNA transcription through its interaction with histone H3 in an mTOR-dependent manner.