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작성자 : 관리자 날짜 : 작성일17-05-25 23:18 조회 : 3,421회본문
제 517 회 생명과학연구소 정기 세미나 2017. 5. 25 (목) 오후 5시, 자5 101호 |
Phagocytic roles of astrocytes in the healthy and diseased brain
정 원석 교수 (한국과학기술원)
Abstract
Synapses are dynamic structures that undergo rapid formation and elimination. During nervous system development, neurons initially generate excessive projections that make redundant synaptic connections with target cells. Within critical time periods, these excessive synapses are eliminated during the formation of mature neural circuits. Synapse elimination processes have also been observed during synaptic plasticity in the adult brain, such as when sensory experience induces the formation of new spines and eliminates pre-existing spines during learning and memory formation. Thus, synapse elimination is likely a central feature of nervous system remodeling and reorganization throughout the lifespan. Moreover, certain neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, are associated with profound synapse loss early in the disease state, underscoring the importance of understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying this synapse loss. Recently, we found that astrocytes in the mouse visual system and hippocampus mediate synapse remodeling by actively engulfing weak but live synapses through phagocytosis and that this process is regulated by neuronal activity. Furthermore, we have found evidence that defective astrocyte-mediated synapse elimination can be a critical link to the initiation and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. This data suggests that astrocytes can participate in the constant remodeling of synaptic structures through our life in the healthy and diseased brain.
Key words: Astrocytes, Phagocytosis, Synapse elimination, Neurodegenerative diseases