415회 Phylogenetic Diversity of Microbial Communities in the Black Hill…

415회 (2008. 5. 1.)

연사 : 신 숙 희,  Professor of Biology Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSM&T) Rapid City, SD

제목 : Phylogenetic Diversity of Microbial Communities in the Black Hills, South Dakota

Abstract 

This study aimed to identify profiles of microbial community composition from two different ecosystems in the Black Hills, South Dakota: Calcareous mats from Spearfish Creek and subsurface water from the Homestake Mine. Microbial phylogenetic diversity of these ecosystems was compared using culture-independent, PCR-based techniques with Archaea- and Bacteria-specific primers for 16S rRNA gene sequences.  From the creek mat sample, no amplification with the Archaea-specific primer occurred, but there were 8 phyla of Bacteria represented among 63 unique isolates from a clone library of 16S rRNA genes.  The predominant phylum was Proteobacteria (48%), with the subclass being the largest group.  From the mine water sample, all 49 unique archaeal sequences compared were identified as Crenachaeota, while the 82 unique bacterial sequences compared were Proteobacteria (83%), Verrucomicrobia (9%), Bacteroides (7%), and unknowns (1%), in which -Proteobacteria was the largest subclass.  These findings indicate that the distribution and composition of microbial communities from both aquatic ecosystems are similar.  Interestingly, these microbial community members from the Black Hills are closely related to those found from diverse freshwater ecosystems around the world. Four CYP3A enzymes, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, and CYP3A43, have been identified in humans. Among them, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 are believed to be the major two CYP3As expressed in human liver. These two enzymes are responsible for > 50% of human drug metabolism. Variations of these two enzymes in expressions and activities have been implicated with the drug efficacy and drug toxicity. Therefore, pharmacogenomics including CYP3A polymorphism would be an important direction in understanding the physiological roles of CYP3A in the body as well as evaluating safety to human drugs and environmental chemicals. Discovery and functional characterization of CYP3A and CYP26A1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) together with their clinical consequences would be presented. The presentation would also introduce personalized medicine, SNP analysis, and pharmacogenomics in Korea.